Ganesh Chaturthi

: गणेश चतुर्थी) (Ganesh Festival) is a day on which Lord Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati, is believed to bestow his presence on earth for all his devotees. It is also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi or Vinayaka Chavithi in Sanskrit, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu and as Chathaa (चथा) in Nepal Bhasa. It is the birthday of Lord Ganesha. The festival is observed in the Hindu calendar month of Bhaadrapada, starting on the shukla chaturthi (fourth day of the waxing moon period). Typically the day falls sometime between August 20 and September 15. The festival lasts for 10 days, ending on Ananta Chaturdashi.
Ganesha, the elephant-headed son of Shiva and Parvati, is widely worshipped as the supreme god of wisdom, prosperity and good fortune.


While held all over India, it is at its most elaborate in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, and other areas which were former states of the Maratha Empire. Outside India, it is celebrated by Newars in Nepal.
A ganesh idol costing Rs 7 crore (2007) is presented at GSB Mandal Ganpati in Wadala, Mumbai.
Contents[hide]
1 Rituals
2 History
3 Ganesh Chaturthi Celebrations in India
3.1 Ganesh Festival In Pune
4 Ganesh Chaturthi Celebrations Outside of India
4.1 Ganesh Festival In Scandinavia (September 15 2007)
5 Rooted in Tradition
6 Problems
7 Environmental impact
8 References
9 Pictures
10 See also
11 External links
//

[edit] Rituals
During the Ganesha festival, a household worships a statue of Shri Ganesha. The worship lasts an odd number of days (from 1 to 11 days, sometimes 13).
This festival starting with the installation of beautifully engraved (sculptured) Ganesh idols in colorfully decorated homes and mantapas (pandals). The mantapas has been depicted by religious themes or current events. The idols are worshipped with families and friends.
The main sweet dish during the festival is the modak ([modagam]or [modakam] in South India). A modak is a dumpling made from rice flour/wheat flour with a stuffing of fresh or dry-grated coconut, jaggery and some other condiments. It is either steam-cooked or fried. Another popular sweet dish is the karanji ([karjikai]in Kannada) which is similar to the modak in composition and taste but has the shape of the 4th day moon.
Public celebrations of the festival are hugely popular, with local communities (mandalas) vying with each other to put up the biggest idol. The festival is also the time for cultural activities like songs, dramas and orchestra.
Today, the Ganesh Festival is not only a popular festival - it has become a very critical and important economic activity for Maharashtra. Many artists, industries, and businesses survive on this mega-event. Ganesh Festival also provides a stage for budding artists to present their art to the public.
For the year 2007 in the Western Calendar, Ganesha Chaturthi has commenced on Saturday, September 15th and its attributed festival of ganesha's mother, gowri (a form of parvathi), gowripuja comes on 13th (the day before) [1].

[edit] History

Vinayaka Chaturthi Celebrations at home as per Telugu traditions
Traditional stories tell that Lord Ganesha (or Ganapati) (the names mean "Lord [isha] or [pati] of Shiva's hosts [gana]") was created by goddess Parvati, consort of Lord Shiva. Parvati created Ganesha out of sandalwood paste that she used for her bath and breathed life into the figure. She then set him to stand guard at her door while she bathed. However, while she bathed, Lord Shiva returned and as Ganesha didn't know him, he didn't allow him to enter. Lord Shiva became enraged and severed the head of the child and entered his house. After realizing that he had beheaded his own son, Lord Shiva fixed the head of an elephant in place of Ganesha's head. In this way, Lord Ganesha came to be depicted as the elephant-headed God.
To know more about this deity, please read Ganesha.

[edit] Ganesh Chaturthi Celebrations in India

[edit] Ganesh Festival In Pune
There are five "Ganpati of Honour." They are as follows: First Ganpati of Honour - Kasba Ganpati; Second Ganpati of Honour - Tambadi Jogeshwari; Third Ganpati of Honour - Guruji Talim; Fourth Ganpati of Honour - Tulsibaug Ganpati; and Fifth Ganpati of Honour - Kesariwada Ganpati. Shrimant Dagdusheth Halwai Ganpati Mandal and Akhil Mandai Mandal are also worshipped by crores of people across globe.
During the festival, people sing prayers called "bhajans" & perform rituals called Aartis. They visit the homes of their friends and relatives who have Ganesh idols at their homes.

[edit] Ganesh Chaturthi Celebrations Outside of India

[edit] Ganesh Festival In Scandinavia (September 15 2007)

Vinayaka Chaturthi Celebrations at home in Roskilde as per Telugu traditions

Vinayaka Chaturthi Celebrations at home in Skovde as per Telugu traditions
The indian hindu communities in Roskilde and Skovde celebrated the occasion by offering prayers to the pure clay dieties (homemade with clay soil collected locally). Attached are the photos of 100% environmental aware Lord Ganesha in clay.

[edit] Rooted in Tradition
[Source: The Times of India]
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak brought Ganesha as a deity out on the streets. It was a unique move by this freedom fighter, which he achieved with the Ganpati visarjana or immersion procession, wherein the mass output of several Ganesh mandals is taken out on a parade on the final day of the Ganesh festival and taken to be immersed. This process was started in 1893 and is now prevalent virtually all over Maharashtra, with special emphasis on Mumbai and Pune. Lokmanya Tilak attached this mass celebration to increase national awareness about the Freedom movement. Herein, neighborhood Ganeshas are worshiped and brought to immersion sites, where huge crowds gather to bid him an emotional and frenzied farewell.
In Pune, as the sun sets over darkening rivers, the images are taken out in boats and as each one is immersed, a cry is raised asking him to return the next year. It is an emotional and public farewell to their beloved god as parthiva (of the earth), who will rise once again the following year.
The first day commemorates certain events connected with Ganesha. It is the day on which he materialised as Mayureshwara, to kill the demon Sindhu, who had acquired extraordinary powers through the worship of Surya. Mayureshwara is also one of the ashtavinayakas (the eight forms of Ganesha). This is also the birth that Shiva has chosen to celebrate in Kailasa.
A special puja is performed for Ganesha. The worship of the deity involves getting a corner ready to receive the god. The puja begins with special chantings and offerings like the Panchamrut (five nectars), which include milk, curd, ghee, honey and jaggery. The God is bathed in these, cleansed & dried.
Ganesha is then given a red garment and the sacred thread - saying it is silver. He is then smeared with red sandal paste and offered red or yellow flowers. A lamp is lit, bells chime and food is offered in six symbolic mouthfuls - not to the god's body, but to his five panchapranas or 'vital breaths' and the one beyond - the absolute.
During the festival, puja is performed twice every day - once in the morning and again in the evening. Ganesha is offered special leaves and flowers, 21 of each and white durva grass. The murti is formally installed on the first day. Touching the murti with blades of durva grass, he is brought to life step by step and made to go through 15 of the 16 rites of passage that each Hindu goes through in his lifetime. (The sixteenth one, which is for death, is omitted.)
The Ganesha mantra is chanted, followed by a Ganesha prayer. Ganesha is called by his 108 good names. The last puja done, the family or congregation gathers around and rice grains are placed on the head of the murti, which is moved, symbolically unseating him.

[edit] Problems
In recent times there have been few incidents of tensions between Hindus and Muslims during the visarjan. This happens when the Ganesh procession uses routes that passes through places inhabited by minorities. However, there are examples of Muslims involved in Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations, such as the Shri Sarvajanik Ganesh Mitra Mandal at Shri Sunder Kamala Nagar, King's Circle. As of 10th September 2005, a Muslim heads this particular Ganesh mandal (a small group that organises the local celebrations), which was founded by Wilson Brooks (a Christian) some 24 years ago. news item on the Mid-day website.

[edit] Environmental impact
The most serious impact of the Ganesh festival on the natural environment is due to the immersion of idols made of Plaster of Paris into lakes, rivers and the sea. Traditionally, the Ganesh idol was sculpted out of earth taken from nearby one’s home. After worshipping the divinity in this earth idol, it was returned back to the Earth by immersing it in a nearby water body. This cycle represented the cycle of creation and dissolution in Nature.
However, as the production of Ganesh idols on a commercial basis grew, the earth or natural clay (shaadu maati in Marathi) was replaced by Plaster of Paris. Plaster is a man made material, easier to mould, lighter and less expensive than clay. However, plaster takes much longer to dissolve and in the process of dissolution releases toxic elements into the water body. The chemical paints used to adorn these plaster idols, themselves contain heavy metals like mercury and cadmium.
On the final day of the Ganesh festival thousands of plaster idols are immersed into water bodies by devotees. These increase the level of acidity in the water and the content of heavy metals. [1] The day after the immersion, shoals of dead fish can be seen floating on the surface of the water body as a result of this sudden increase.
Several non governmental and governmental bodies have been addressing this issue. Amongst the solutions proposed by various groups some are as follows:
Return to the traditional use of natural clay idols and immerse the idol in a bucket of water at home.[2]
Use of a permanent idol made of stone and brass, used every year and a symbolic immersion only.
Recycling of plaster idols to repaint them and use them again the following year.
Ban on the immersion of plaster idols into lakes, rivers and the sea. [3]
Creative use of other biodegradable materials such as paper mache to create Ganesh idols.
Encouraging people to immerse the idols in tanks of water rather than in natural water bodies.[4]
To handle religious sentiments sensitively, some temples and spiritual groups have also taken up the cause. [5]

[edit] References
^ M. Vikram Reddy, A. Vijay Kumar (December 2001). "Effects of Ganesh-idol immersion on some water quality parameters of Hussainsagar Lake".
^ The Ecosensitive Ganesh Festival campaign
^ Ganesh immersions ruled unlawful
^ Green Ganesh
^ Ganesh immersion : temple’s campaign finds many takers

[edit] Pictures
Ganesh Festival 2005

Dagdusheth Ganpati

Mandai Ganpati

Babugenu Ganpati

GrahakPeth Ganpati

JunyaJaicha Ganapati

Khajinavihir Ganpati

Tulshibag Ganpati

[edit] See also
Hindu festivals

[edit] External links
Discovering Ganesh: a multi-media cultural project about Ganesh, The Ganesh Festival, and Ganesh in the Indian Diaspora
The Ecosensitive Ganesh Festival campaign
Photos of Ganesh Festival
Ganesh Chaturthi on about.com
Ganesh Chaturthi Presentation
Ganesha Chaturthi in Maharashtra
ganesh chathurthi celebrations and poojas
Ganesh Chaturthi Festival Information @ Tajonline
How Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated in India
Pictures of Ganesh Festival
Ganesh Chathurthi Puja procedure
Shree Ganesha -Birth Story,Ashtavinayak Temples,108 Names & Festival Pictures
Ganesh Chathurthi clebration photos in india